In , Dublin was listed as the fourth richest city in the world by purchasing power and 10th richest by personal income. A number of Dublin's traditional industries, such as food processing, textile manufacturing, brewing, and distilling have gradually declined, although Guinness has been brewed at the St. James's Gate Brewery since Economic improvements in the s attracted a number of global pharmaceutical, information and communications technology companies to the city and Greater Dublin Area. The presence of these companies has driven economic expansion in the city and led to Dublin sometimes being referred to as the "Tech Capital of Europe".

Financial services have also become important to the city since the establishment of Dublin's International Financial Services Centre in More than operations are approved to trade under the IFSC programme. The centre is host to half of the world's top 50 banks and to half of the top 20 insurance companies. Dublin has been positioned as one of the main cities vying to host Financial Services companies hoping to retain access to the Eurozone after Brexit. The Celtic Tiger also led to a temporary boom in construction, with large redevelopment projects in the Dublin Docklands and Spencer Dock.

In the second quarter of , Dublin touched its lowest unemployment rate in a decade, when it fell down to 5.

The road network in Ireland is primarily focused on Dublin. The M50 motorway , a semi- ring road which runs around the south, west and north of the city, connects important national primary routes to the rest of the country. In , the West-Link toll bridge was replaced by the eFlow barrier-free tolling system, with a three-tiered charge system based on electronic tags and car pre-registration. The first phase of a proposed eastern bypass for the city is the Dublin Port Tunnel , which officially opened in to mainly cater for heavy vehicles.

The city is also surrounded by an inner and outer orbital route. The inner orbital route runs approximately around the heart of the Georgian city and the outer orbital route runs primarily along the natural circle formed by Dublin's two canals, the Grand Canal and the Royal Canal , as well as the North and South Circular Roads. The TomTom Traffic Index ranked Dublin the 15th most congested city in the world and the 7th most congested in Europe. Dublin is served by a network of nearly bus routes which cover the city and suburbs.

The majority of these are provided by Dublin Bus , with a modest number having been transferred to Go Ahead Ireland in , but a number of smaller companies also operate. Fares are generally calculated on a stage system based on distance travelled. There are several different levels of fares, which apply on most services. Electronically displayed signs relay information about the time of the next buses arrival based on its GPS determined position.

The National Transport Authority is responsible for integration of bus and rail services in Dublin and has been involved in introducing a pre-paid smart card, called a Leap card , which can be used on all of Dublin's public transport services.

The Census showed that 5. Dublinbikes is a self-service bicycle rental scheme which has been in operation in Dublin since Sponsored by JCDecaux and Just Eat , the scheme consists of hundreds of unisex bicycles stationed at 44 terminals throughout the city centre. Users must make a subscription for either an annual Long Term Hire Card or purchase a three-day ticket.

Heuston and Connolly stations are the two main railway termini in Dublin. Dublin once had an extensive system of trams but this was largely phased out by Together these lines comprise a total 67 stations and A metro service is proposed under the name of Metrolink , and planned to run from Dublin's northside to Sandyford via Dublin Airport and St. Stephen's Green , with construction projected to start after The headquarters of Ireland's flag carrier Aer Lingus and regional airlines Stobart Air and CityJet are located there, and those of low-cost carrier Ryanair nearby.

The airport offers a short and medium haul network, domestic services to regional airports in Ireland, and long-haul services to the United States, Canada, the Middle East and Hong Kong. Dublin Airport is the 11th busiest in the European Union, [98] and by far the busiest airport on the island of Ireland. From to , Dublin Airport saw an increase of nearly 9. Dublin is also served by Weston Airport and other small facilities, by a range of helicopter operators, and the military and some State services use Casement Aerodrome nearby.

Dublin is the largest centre of education in Ireland, and is home to four universities and a number of other higher education institutions. It was the European Capital of Science in The University of Dublin is the oldest university in Ireland, dating from the 16th century, and is located in the city centre.

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It was closed to Roman Catholics until , and the Catholic hierarchy then banned Roman Catholics from attending until Founded in , it is now the largest university in Ireland. As of , Dublin's principal, and Ireland's largest, institution for technological education and research, Dublin Institute of Technology DIT , with origins in , has merged with two major suburban third level institutions, Institute of Technology, Tallaght and Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown , to form Technological University Dublin , Ireland's second largest university by student population.

The new university offers a wide range of courses in areas include engineering, architecture, the sciences, health, journalism, digital media, hospitality, business, art and design, music and the humanities programmes, and has three long-term campuses, at Grangegorman , Tallaght and Blanchardstown. Dublin is also home to the Royal Irish Academy , membership of which is considered Ireland's highest academic honour. The Irish public administration and management training centre has its base in Dublin, the Institute of Public Administration provides a range of undergraduate and post graduate awards via the National University of Ireland and in some instances, Queen's University Belfast.

Together, the four areas form the traditional County Dublin. This area is sometimes known as the Dublin Region. The population of the administrative area controlled by the City Council was , in the census, [3] while the population of the urban area was 1,, The area's population is expanding rapidly, and it is estimated by the Central Statistics Office that it will reach 2. After World War Two, Italians were by far the largest immigrant group in both Dublin and Ireland and became synonymous with the catering and restaurant landscape.

Dublin is home to a greater proportion of newer arrivals than any other part of the country. Sixty percent of Ireland's Asian population lives in Dublin. The capital attracts the largest proportion of non-Catholic migrants from other countries. According to the census, the population of Dublin was Additionally, 2. It is also the location of key and notable works of James Joyce , including Ulysses , which is set in Dublin and includes much topical detail.

Dubliners is a collection of short stories by Joyce about incidents and typical characters of the city during the early 20th century. Other renowned writers include J. The Gaiety specialises in musical and operatic productions, and also opens its doors after the evening theatre production to host a variety of live music, dancing, and films. The Abbey was founded in by a group that included Yeats with the aim of promoting indigenous literary talent.

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It went on to provide a breakthrough for some of the city's most famous writers, such as Synge , Yeats himself and George Bernard Shaw. Apart from being the focus of the country's literature and theatre, Dublin is also the focal point for much of Irish art and the Irish artistic scene.

The Chester Beatty Library houses a collection of manuscripts, miniature paintings, prints, drawings, rare books and decorative arts assembled by American mining millionaire and honorary Irish citizen Sir Alfred Chester Beatty — Stephen's Green. Dublinia is a living history attraction showcasing the Viking and Medieval history of the city.

Dublin has long had an 'underground' arts scene, with Temple Bar hosting artists in the s, and spaces such as the Project Arts Centre acting as a hub for collectives and new exhibitions. The Guardian noted that Dublin's independent and underground arts flourished during the economic recession of c. Dublin was shortlisted to be World Design Capital The best known area for nightlife is Temple Bar , south of the River Liffey. The area has become popular among tourists, including stag and hen parties from Britain.

Dublin has several mid-range venues that host live music throughout the week, including Whelans and Vicar Street. Dublin city centre is a popular shopping destination for both locals and tourists. The city has numerous shopping districts, particularly around Grafton Street and Henry Street. The city centre is also the location of large department stores, including Arnotts , Brown Thomas and prior to its closure Clerys.

While the city has seen the loss of some traditional market sites, Moore Street remains one of the city's oldest trading districts. Dublin is the centre of both media and communications in Ireland, with many newspapers, radio stations, television stations and telephone companies based there. The headquarters of An Post and telecommunications companies such as Eir , as well as mobile operators Vodafone and 3 are all located there.

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Dublin is also the headquarters of national newspapers such as The Irish Times and Irish Independent , as well as local newspapers such as The Evening Herald. Commercial radio stations based in the city include 4fm There are also numerous community and special interest stations, including Dublin City FM Croke Park is the largest sport stadium in Ireland. The headquarters of the Gaelic Athletic Association , it has a capacity of 82, Muhammad Ali fought there in and it played host to the opening and closing ceremonies of the Special Olympics.

It also has conference and banqueting facilities. There is a GAA Museum there and tours of the stadium are offered, including a rooftop walk of the stadium. During the redevelopment of Lansdowne Road , Croke Park played host to the Irish Rugby Union Team and Republic of Ireland national football team as well as hosting the Heineken Cup rugby —09 semi-final between Munster and Leinster which set a world record attendance for a club rugby match.

Stadium Lansdowne Road was laid out in This was the venue for home games of both the Irish Rugby Union Team and the Republic of Ireland national football team. County Dublin is home for 13 of the senior rugby union clubs in Ireland including 5 of the 10 sides in the top division 1A. Bohemian F. C play at Dalymount Park , the oldest football stadium in the country, and home ground for the Ireland football team from to the s. College Park has Test status and played host to Ireland's first Test cricket match, a women's match against Pakistan in The Dublin Marathon has been run since at the end of October.

The Women's Mini Marathon has been run since on the first Monday in June, which is also a bank holiday in Ireland. It is said to be the largest all female event of its kind in the world. The Dublin area hosts greyhound racing at Shelbourne Park and horse racing at Leopardstown. The National Basketball Arena is located in Tallaght, is the home of the Irish basketball team , the venue for the basketball league finals, and has also hosted boxing and wrestling events. There are also Gaelic Handball , hockey and athletics stadia, most notably Morton Stadium in Santry , which held the athletics events of the Special Olympics.

Historically, Irish coffee houses and cafes were associated with those working in media. A number of Irish language agencies are also located in the capital. Conradh na Gaeilge offers language classes, has a book shop and is a meeting place for different groups. Dublin city council has an International Relations Unit, established in It works on hosting of international delegations, staff exchanges, international promotion of the city, twinning and partnerships, work with multi-city organisations such as Eurocities , economic partnerships and advice to other Council units.

Dublin is twinned with four places: [48] [] []. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Capital and largest city of Ireland.

This article is about the capital of Ireland. For other uses, see Dublin disambiguation. For the village in Scotland, see Hurlford. Capital city in Leinster, Ireland. Coat of arms. Ethnic groups. See also: Other names of Dublin.